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Yousef Maknoon
Co-Director · Associate Professor

Yousef Maknoon

Associate Professor in the Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management at TU Delft. His research develops methodological approaches to decision-making, combining operations research, behavioural modelling and data-driven methods, with applications in transport, logistics and supply chains. Before joining TU Delft, he was a postdoctoral researcher at the Transport and Mobility Laboratory at EPFL and a postdoctoral fellow at Polytechnique Montréal–CIRRELT. He obtained his Master's and PhD in Industrial Engineering from Polytechnique Montréal.

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Publications

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies journal cover
BibTeX
% VERIFIED; automatic policy
@article{orbit-auto-b8612ceceddbc9f0,
  title = {Hybrid predictive rebalancing control of perceived usability in shared e-scooter systems},
  author = {Momen, Sara and Maknoon, Yousef and van Arem, Bart and Sharif Azadeh, Shadi},
  journal = {Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  year = {2027},
  volume = {194},
  pages = {106093},
  eid = {106093},
  doi = {10.1016/j.trc.2026.106093},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2026.106093},
}
Research in Transportation Business & Management journal cover
BibTeX
% VERIFIED; verified 2026-10-11
@article{orbit-5b40dc103a823723,
  title = {Service design for shared micromobility: Long-term planning under gradual user adoption},
  author = {Farhani, Mahsa and Rezaei, Jafar and Azadeh, Shadi Sharif and Maknoon, Yousef},
  journal = {Research in Transportation Business \& Management},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {101818},
  eid = {101818},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rtbm.2026.101818},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2026.101818},
  issn = {2210-5395, 2210-5409},
  publisher = {Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {Service design for shared micromobility services, such as e-mopeds, involves decisions on service location, fleet size, pricing, and resource allocation, which are typically based on potential demand estimates. In practice, however, potential users adopt the service gradually, leading to market penetration over time. Ignoring this gradual penetration can lead to suboptimal decisions and service failures. We propose a phased optimization model to maximize profitability over a planning horizon divided into discrete periods. The model jointly determines service locations, fleet size, and spatio-temporal resource allocation while ensuring a targeted service level. To model gradual adoption, we apply an extended Bass diffusion framework in which adoption depends on service quality, defined by accessibility and availability, and social influence, reflecting the impact of current users on others’ adoption. The phased deployment strategy aligns service expansion and investment decisions with adoption growth (market penetration) over multiple periods. Applied to a bike-sharing case in Manhattan, the proposed approach improves resource allocation and increases profitability by up to 47\% compared with an upfront strategy under parameter misestimation. Furthermore, ignoring service quality in the adoption model leads to a profit loss of up to 54\% when user expectations are high The results shed light on the value of synchronizing service design decisions with user adoption dynamics.},
  keywords = {Bass diffusion, Phased planning, Service design, Shared micromobility, Social influence},
}
Journal of Behavioral Decision Making journal cover
Time Preference in Decisions With Recurring Payoffs
Journal of Behavioral Decision Making2026
BibTeX
% VERIFIED; verified 2026-10-11
@article{orbit-775908644fcf5cd8,
  title = {Time Preference in Decisions With Recurring Payoffs},
  author = {Gülüm, Pelin and Maknoon, Yousef and Montibeller, Gilberto and Rezaei, Jafar},
  journal = {Journal of Behavioral Decision Making},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {39},
  number = {4},
  eid = {e70091},
  doi = {10.1002/bdm.70091},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.70091},
  issn = {0894-3257, 1099-0771},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  abstract = {ABSTRACT Time preference plays a central role in decision‐making, shaping how individuals value outcomes that occur at different points in time. While most research on time preference focuses on one‐off payoffs, many real‐world decisions generate recurring consequences that unfold continuously over time. Despite their prevalence, little is known about how recurring payoff structures influence intertemporal preferences. We propose that recurring payoffs reduce discounting by promoting temporal integration. By highlighting the continuity of future consequences, recurring payoffs encourage individuals to form a more temporally integrated representation of outcomes rather than evaluating consequences as isolated events. Drawing on the choice isolation argument and the literature on choice bundling and choice bracketing, we argue that this representation reduces the salience of immediate‐versus‐delayed trade‐offs and ultimately lowers discount rates. We test this hypothesis in two experiments involving 284 individuals. Participants completed intertemporal choice tasks in either the gain or loss domain, with choices varying along two additional dimensions: payoff structure (one‐off vs. recurring) and outcome magnitude (small vs. large). Results revealed significantly lower discounting in recurring payoff conditions than in comparable one‐off conditions. The findings are consistent with the proposition that recurring payoff structures encourage a more temporally integrated evaluation of future outcomes, leading individuals to place less weight on immediacy when making intertemporal choices. This study extends the time‐preference literature by introducing recurring payoff structures as a distinct class of intertemporal outcomes and identifying temporal integration as a potential mechanism through which payoff structure influences discounting. It further demonstrates that the magnitude effect extends to recurring payoff environments, suggesting that outcome size continues to shape discounting even when consequences unfold repeatedly over time. These findings suggest that making the recurring nature of future consequences salient may be a promising avenue for promoting more future‐oriented decision‐making.},
  keywords = {discount rate, recurring payoffs, temporal integration, time preference},
}
Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis journal cover
BibTeX
% VERIFIED; verified 2026-10-11
@article{orbit-84189f25b1924300,
  title = {Intertemporal Judgements in Multi‐Attribute Decision‐Making: Biases and Mitigation Ideas},
  author = {Gülüm, Pelin and Maknoon, Yousef and Rezaei, Jafar},
  journal = {Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {33},
  number = {2},
  eid = {e70035},
  doi = {10.1002/mcda.70035},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/mcda.70035},
  issn = {1057-9214, 1099-1360},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  abstract = {ABSTRACT Intertemporal judgements are susceptible to biases that can distort evaluations and lead to inconsistent choices. While time‐related biases have been studied extensively from a descriptive perspective, little attention has been given to prescriptive approaches and the complex trade‐offs involved in multi‐attribute decision‐making (MADM). This study provides a comprehensive review of the effects of such biases on the MADM process. Drawing on evidence from behavioural economics, psychology, and decision analysis, we identify six time‐related biases and analyse the vulnerabilities they can introduce at each step of the MADM procedure. We also outline preliminary ideas that may help analysts and decision‐makers reduce these biases in the unique context of intertemporal multi‐attribute problems. Our findings highlight the importance of addressing biases from the earliest stages, such as problem structuring, and underscore the need for further empirical research to test and refine these proposed strategies.},
  keywords = {cognitive biases, intertemporal discounting, multi-attribute decision-making, time preference},
}
Research in Transportation Business & Management journal cover
BibTeX
% VERIFIED; verified 2026-10-11
@article{orbit-a6d0cfb002e9daf2,
  title = {The value of delay compensation in online food delivery: Analysis of willingness to pay and preference heterogeneity},
  author = {Chen, Junlin and Sharif Azadeh, Shadi and Maknoon, Yousef and Jiang, Hai},
  journal = {Research in Transportation Business \& Management},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {101710},
  eid = {101710},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rtbm.2026.101710},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2026.101710},
  issn = {2210-5395, 2210-5409},
  publisher = {Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {In recent years, it has become the norm for restaurants to offer Online Food Delivery (OFD) services to expand their customer base and improve profitability. Despite efforts to ensure timely deliveries, delays still occur, leading to customer dissatisfaction and even complaints. To address this issue, platforms and restaurants have collaboratively introduced a complimentary service, namely Delay Compensation (DC), where OFD customers can be compensated if their delivery is delayed beyond a certain threshold. However, empirical research regarding heterogeneous customer preferences for DC in OFD and its interaction with other delivery attributes remains limited. To address this gap, we analyze data from a stated preference survey conducted in China using a two-step modeling framework. In the first step, we estimate a Mixed Logit model using the hierarchical Bayes approach; in the second step, we employ a linear regression model to further examine customer heterogeneity. Results show that under a representative scenario (10-minute delay threshold with platform-affiliated riders), customers’ average Willingness To Pay (WTP) for DC is 1.20 Chinese Yuan (CNY). We also find that the WTP for DC varies across types of riders, delay threshold values, usage scenarios, and customer characteristics. For example, we find that the WTP for DC is 0.89 CNY higher when the meal is delivered by riders employed by restaurants rather than those affiliated with OFD platforms, and that the WTP is 19.9\% higher when the order is placed at the workplace rather than at home.},
  keywords = {Delay compensation, Mixed logit model, Online food delivery, Stated preference survey},
}
Annual Review of Psychology journal cover
BibTeX
% VERIFIED; verified 2026-10-11
@article{orbit-836157e89810f796,
  title = {Time's Influence: A Systematic Review of Biases in Intertemporal Decision-Making},
  author = {Gülüm Taş, Pelin and Maknoon, Yousef and Rezaei, Jafar},
  journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {223--254},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev-psych-091924-040158},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-091924-040158},
  issn = {0066-4308, 1545-2085},
  publisher = {Annual Reviews},
  abstract = {Cognitive biases significantly influence decision-making by distorting how individuals perceive and evaluate outcomes over time. This systematic review synthesizes research from various domains, including behavioral economics, psychology, and health, to explore six time-related biases affecting intertemporal judgments and trade-offs. We analyze the underlying mechanisms of each bias, map their interrelationships, and uncover their impacts on both individual choices and societal decisions. Drawing upon empirical evidence, we propose tailored strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of these biases. Our findings contribute to the literature not only by enhancing the understanding of time-related cognitive biases but also by providing practical insights for improving decision-making and policy design aimed at promoting long-term well-being. The review concludes by highlighting critical gaps in the literature and outlining a future research agenda to further investigate and address biases in intertemporal decision-making.},
  keywords = {cognitive biases, intertemporal decision-making, time preference},
}
Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies journal cover
Integrated mobile inventory and fleet management for an on-demand delivery system
Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies2025
BibTeX
% INCOMPLETE; verified 2026-10-11
@article{orbit-8aca3117095bcafd,
  title = {Integrated mobile inventory and fleet management for an on-demand delivery system},
  author = {Yang, C. and Maknoon, Yousef and Jiang, Hai and Azadeh, Shadi Sharif},
  journal = {Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {179},
  pages = {105264},
  eid = {105264},
  doi = {10.1016/j.trc.2025.105264},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2025.105264},
  issn = {0968-090X, 1879-2359},
  publisher = {Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {This study introduces an optimization framework for deploying Mobile Fleet Inventories (MFIs) to address operational inefficiencies in on-demand delivery systems. Traditionally, these systems rely on stationary facilities to organize operations and manage resources. While stationary facilities provide stability and structured coverage, they are inherently rigid and struggle to adapt to the spatial and temporal fluctuations characteristic of urban service demand. By leveraging urban waterways, MFIs act as dynamic, mobile facilities, enabling real-time resource redistribution and offering greater flexibility to meet evolving demand patterns efficiently. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer linear programming model to optimize MFI deployment, minimizing total system costs. The model incorporates both capital investments (e.g., MFI leasing and docking infrastructure) and operational expenses (e.g., rider idle time). Key decisions include determining the optimal number, placement of MFIs, and fleet size. To validate the approach, we apply it to a meal delivery platform in Amsterdam, demonstrating its practicality and scalability. Results show that implementing MFIs reduces overall system costs by 17\% and decreases rider idle time by 35\% compared to stationary facility operations. These findings underscore the transformative potential of MFIs to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and adaptability of on-demand delivery systems in urban settings.},
  keywords = {Capacitated facility location, Meal delivery problem, Mobile fleet inventory, Urban waterway logistics},
}
Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies journal cover
BibTeX
% VERIFIED; verified 2026-10-11
@article{orbit-203e5c6925fc8644,
  title = {Estimating the value of safety against road crashes: A stated preference experiment on route choice of food delivery riders},
  author = {Kavta, Kuldeep and Azadeh, Shadi Sharif and Maknoon, Yousef and Wang, Yihong and Homem de Almeida Correia, Gonçalo},
  journal = {Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {179},
  pages = {105272},
  eid = {105272},
  doi = {10.1016/j.trc.2025.105272},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2025.105272},
  issn = {0968-090X, 1879-2359},
  publisher = {Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {The rapid growth of the online food delivery industry has led to a significant increase in the number of delivery riders navigating urban streets, predominantly using bikes and e-bikes. This growth has been accompanied by a concerning rise in crashes involving these riders, posing a critical challenge for city authorities and policymakers. Promoting safer riding behavior, such as choosing safer routes while delivering food, can potentially reduce crash risks. With this motivation, this paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of strategies that encourage riders to choose safer routes and estimate the value riders place on reducing the risk of road crashes. The paper presents a stated preference experiment conducted with food delivery riders in Amsterdam and Copenhagen to assess two targeted strategies: ’safety information’ and ’monetary incentives’, designed to encourage riders toward selecting safer routes. The results from the route choice model show that presenting information about safety against crashes on different routes and offering monetary incentives can effectively motivate riders to choose safer routes, even if these are longer. The trade-offs riders make between safer and shorter routes were quantified by calculating the Value of Risk Reduction (VRR) and Willingness to Accept (WTA) indicators, which offer valuable insights into riders’ safety preferences. These indicators highlight how much riders value risk reduction and the compensation required to choose safer routes. Furthermore, the findings reveal that factors related to riders’ working arrangements and socio-demographic profiles significantly influence their route choice decisions. The paper concludes with a discussion about the practical challenges associated with implementing the strategies to enhance rider safety and proposing potential solutions that can be useful for food delivery platforms and policymakers.},
  keywords = {Discrete choice experiment, Food delivery riders, Gig workers, Meal delivery, Route choice, Safety},
}
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment journal cover
Behavioral impact of range anxiety and unlock fees on shared electric-moped usage
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment2025
BibTeX
% VERIFIED; verified 2026-10-11
@article{orbit-fa571a0660cd53ee,
  title = {Behavioral impact of range anxiety and unlock fees on shared electric-moped usage},
  author = {Burghardt, Sören Paul and Momen, Sara and Maknoon, Yousef and Azadeh, Shadi Sharif and Kavta, Kuldeep},
  journal = {Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {145},
  pages = {104772},
  eid = {104772},
  doi = {10.1016/j.trd.2025.104772},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2025.104772},
  issn = {1361-9209, 1879-2340},
  publisher = {Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {The evolving field of electric moped sharing systems is shaped by various determinants influencing user preferences, including range anxiety, pricing strategies, and regulatory changes. Utilizing a stated preference approach with a hybrid choice model, this research explores how these factors, along with attitudinal constructs, impact user decisions. The findings reveal that remaining driving range plays a critical role, with significant individual variability in its sensitivity, while perceived range anxiety did not significantly influence choices. Recent changes in helmet regulations have shifted preferences towards faster vehicles. Furthermore, dynamic pricing strategies, such as adjusting ride or unlock fees, can incentivize the use of less desirable vehicles with lower battery range or aid in user-based relocation. Nevertheless, low-range vehicles are less likely to be chosen, even with incentives. These insights provide valuable guidance for operators of electric moped sharing system to improve fleet management and optimize user satisfaction through strategic pricing and battery management.},
  keywords = {Electric moped sharing systems, Hybrid choice model, Pricing, Range anxiety, Shared micromobility, Stated preferences},
}
Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review journal cover
Adaptive resilience strategies for supply chain networks against disruptions
Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review2025
BibTeX
% VERIFIED; verified 2026-10-11
@article{orbit-efe44f12ec753f62,
  title = {Adaptive resilience strategies for supply chain networks against disruptions},
  author = {Hart Nibbrig, Maurice and Sharif Azadeh, Shadi and Maknoon, Yousef},
  journal = {Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {200},
  pages = {104172},
  eid = {104172},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tre.2025.104172},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2025.104172},
  issn = {1366-5545, 1878-5794},
  publisher = {Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {Supply chain networks face the critical challenge of enhancing resilience to disruptions while controlling the costs associated with resilience improvements. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive resilience improvement framework designed to sustain material flow by responding dynamically to emerging network vulnerabilities. Our framework centers on the production chain as a core element in resilience planning, integrating vulnerability assessment and reinforcement strategies through a tri-level optimization model. This model adapts to the network's changing conditions by (i) incorporating disruption scenario generation as an integral part of the decision-making process, allowing for the dynamic identification of vulnerabilities, and (ii) optimizing reinforcement strategies in response to them. We demonstrate the framework's effectiveness through two distinct case studies: a steel supply chain, where production flexibility improves resilience by 30\%, and a pharmaceutical supply chain affected by climate-related disruptions. Our computational results confirm the scalability and effectiveness of this approach in strengthening network-wide resilience as vulnerabilities evolve.},
  keywords = {Adaptive reinforcement, Climate-related disruptions, Mixed-integer optimization, Resilience evaluation, Supply chain resilience},
}

Education

Master theses

2026Governing Automation Transitions in Inland ShippingV.B. van Weel2025Optimization of passenger and freight co-transportation in modular transit systemsC. Peng2025Dynamic Shared Bicycle Repositioning with Flexible Time HorizonT.W.K. Bruinink2025Designing Services for Meal Delivery PlatformsF.E.M. Backers2025Dynamic Scheduling for Rail Freight: Reducing Extreme Departure Time Deviations through Demand ForecastingP. van der Velde